Some people think
ethno mathematics is not important or not interesting enough. But I think ethno
mathematics has its own enchantment. Ethno mathematics gives me the other side
of mathematics where mathematics has an interesting history. Knowing that
mathematics is used since a long ago makes me feel that mathematics is not an
ordinary knowledge. Mathematics is not only a pure knowledge, but also
knowledge that has meaning and history. This time Mr. Marsigit gave us a quiz
and he asked us to make a reflection from it. This time I knew that Aji Saka is
real, not a legend or a story.
In communication,
there are four dimensions, namely material dimension, formal dimension,
normative dimension, and spiritual dimension. Material dimension is a dimension
where the communication is built between two persons or more with physical
contact. For example when a guy throws a punch to someone else, the dimension
is the physical contact, the punch. Formal dimension is a dimension where the
communication is built between two people with a direct communication. For
example when a student asks about something to the teacher, the activity asking
question is the formal dimension. Normative dimension is a dimension where the
communication delivers the meaning of something. For example when a student
asks the teacher about something, it means the student delivers the meaning of
the question; and when the teacher answers the question, it means the teacher
delivers the contents and the meaning of the answer. Spiritual dimension is a
dimension where the communication is made between human and something
spiritual, the unseen one. Like when we pray to God, it means there is a
contact between us and something spiritual, God. In this life we cannot get
separate to something called communication. Communication has been an important
part for life, since a person was born in this world. The dimension of
communication is directed. A baby cannot talk to his/her parents after he/she was
born. He/she only can move his/her hand, or maybe kicking around. After some
quiet times the baby can walk, talk, and so on.
There are two
conditional terms something can be called knowledge: synthetic and apriory. Synthetic
means that knowledge comes from experiences. Apriory means that knowledge can
think about the physical appearance of something we don’t know yet. For example
at first a kid has knowledge that every dog is tame. First time the kid finds a
tame dog, the next time he/she found is the tame one. But the next time he/she
pursue by a dog. From his/her experiences, he/she gets that there are tame dogs
and there are the wild ones. So he/she has to be careful to some dogs. For this
the knowledge comes from the experiences he/she had been assembled. This thing
is called knowledge because it is synthetic. And the ability of the kid to
reflect the image of a dog before the kid see a dog is one of condition knowledge
can be called knowledge.
The direction of
knowledge is up or down. Three pillar of knowledge are ontology, epistemology,
and acriology. Ontology means the essence of knowledge. Epistemology means the
method to develop knowledge. Acriology means the value of knowledge.
The next question is
about the dimension of value. The dimensions of value are intrinsic, extrinsic,
and systemic. Intrinsic means the value of an object is known by us and God.
For extrinsic, the value of an object is known widely. Systemic means that the
value is made by a boss. For the school’s cases, the value or a school grades
is given by teacher. So in this case, the teacher is the boss.
The dimensions of
educational politics are industrial trainer, conservative, humanism,
progressive, and public educator. Every country has their educational politics
system their selves.
Piaget was actually a
biologist. But he did concern to psychology and cognitive development. He
divides the ability of children into four different classes: sensory motor,
preoperational, operational concrete, and formal. Sensory motor came from
children from 0 to 2 years old. Preoperational came from children from 3 to 7
years old. Operational concrete came from children from 8 to 11 years old.
Operational formal came from children from 12 to 15 years old. Then he also
developed the theory of assimilation and equilibrium. People have structure or
sometimes we call it by scheme named cognitive structure. By using scheme,
people can adapt and coordinate to their surroundings. So they made new scheme
by assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the process of fusion of new
information to our cognitive structure. Accommodation is the process of
restructurization of information to our structure. In this process, there is an
adaptation process. Equilibrium comes when assimilation and accommodation is
not balance. Equilibrium adapts the continuity between assimilation and
accommodation.
Zone of proximal
development is developed by Vigotsky. Vigotsky is a philosopher from Russia. He
concentrated to culture, interaction, and the influence of language in
cognitive development. Zone of proximal development is told us about when children
need help for their study. At first children need to be companied for their
study. Children need help from teacher and parents. But after some quiet time children
don’t need help to study.
Emanuel Kant developed
the architecture theory.
... to be continued...
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